micro-XRCT datasets of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels manufactured by additive manufacturing

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Ruf, Matthias; Lee, Dongwon; Yiotis, Andreas; Steeb, Holger, 2023, "micro-XRCT datasets of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels manufactured by additive manufacturing", https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3243, DaRUS, V1

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Description	This dataset contains micro X-ray Computed Tomography (micro-XRCT) scan data sets (projection, reconstructed, and binarized images) of 3D porous media micromodels manufactured by additive manufacturing using the Material Jetting (MJ) method. The micromodel geometries were designed using the stochastic model proposed by Quiblie (1984), Adler et al. (1990), and Hyman et al. (2014). For this study, four samples were fabricated, all possessing the same porosity of 0.45, but with varying correlation lengths (id: 15, 25, 35, and 45) that define the pore size distribution. The four cylindrical samples have a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 16 mm. For more details, see the related publication Lee et al. (2023) The samples were completely scanned. Due to the limitation of the field of view at the required resolution, first the bottom part followed by the top part of the respective sample was scanned. Reconstruction was carried out separately for the top and bottom scans. Merging of the bottom and top parts was performed based on the reconstructed images. During the merging process, duplicated slices were naturally eliminated. The grayscale images obtained after the reconstruction and merging processes underwent segmentation, distinguishing between solid phase and pore space regions based on intensity values. Subsequently, the misclassified voxels resulting from the inherent noise in the micro-XRCT data were adjusted accordingly by assessing the connectivity between pixels (isolated pixels were reclassified to the neighboring class). Simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method to determine the permeability of the scanned mircomodels can be found in the related dataset Lee et al. (2023).
Subject	Computer and Information Science; Earth and Environmental Sciences; Engineering
Keyword	Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography (micro-XRCT), X-Ray Microtomography, Porous Media, Porous Medium, Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, Material Jetting (MJ)
Related Publication	Lee, D., Ruf, M., Karadimitriou, N., Steeb, H., Manousidaki, M., Varouchakis, E.A., Tzortzakis, S., & Yiotis, A.(2023). Development of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels using additive manufacturing: numerical and experimental validation. Scientific Reports, submitted.
Data Generation	Experiment
License/Data Use Agreement	CC BY 4.0

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	id15_binarized.tar.gz id15/Gzip Archive - 21.9 MB Published Sep 6, 2023 10 Downloads MD5: 2fb2504068372a39564de9b79a205c30 Binarized micro-XRCT data set in 8 bit *.tif file format. 625x625x1691 voxels with a uniform voxel size of 28.0 µm (2x2x2 binned).	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id15_projections.tar.gz id15/Gzip Archive - 33.6 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 14 Downloads MD5: 2e7c66bcea4eafce85868c9eb3f25713 Projection images (360 deg, angle increment 0.2 deg, top and bottom part), dark image (di) and open beam image (ob) in 16 bit *.tif file format. (internal ID: 20220215_02)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id15_reconstructed.tar.gz id15/Gzip Archive - 8.9 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 12 Downloads MD5: 5e4f73d5935038f0094d17ab7b22d820 Reconstructed micro-XRCT data sets (top and bottom part) in 16 bit *.tif file format. 1250x1250x2305 voxels each (cropped) with a uniform voxel size of 14.0 µm. (internal ID: 20220215_02)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id25_binarized.tar.gz id25/Gzip Archive - 18.9 MB Published Sep 6, 2023 10 Downloads MD5: 070145e36e49f802eeb1a668a8c76e36 Binarized micro-XRCT data set in 8 bit *.tif file format. 625x625x1750 voxels with a uniform voxel size of 28.0 µm (2x2x2 binned).	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id25_projections.tar.gz id25/Gzip Archive - 33.7 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 11 Downloads MD5: 4072e0203c7487e85e227cce16b611cc Projection images (360 deg, angle increment 0.2 deg, top and bottom part), dark image (di) and open beam image (ob) in 16 bit *.tif file format. (internal ID: 20220214_02)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id25_reconstructed.tar.gz id25/Gzip Archive - 8.0 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 16 Downloads MD5: e1a332bffed641df13963bde5a7b6eb9 Reconstructed micro-XRCT data sets (top and bottom part) in 16 bit *.tif file format. 1250x1250x2305 voxels each with a uniform voxel size of 14.0 µm. (internal ID: 20220214_02)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id35_binarized.tar.gz id35/Gzip Archive - 13.9 MB Published Sep 6, 2023 14 Downloads MD5: 48e605ed2900f7ae57e430bcef2eab3f Binarized micro-XRCT data set in 8 bit *.tif file format. 625x625x1717 voxels with a uniform voxel size of 28.0 µm (2x2x2 binned).	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id35_projections.tar.gz id35/Gzip Archive - 33.6 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 9 Downloads MD5: 9c7d5b8a056ce3c1e298b26f81a67d2f Projection images (360 deg, angle increment 0.2 deg, top and bottom part), dark image (di) and open beam image (ob) in 16 bit *.tif file format. (internal ID: 20220216_01)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id35_reconstructed.tar.gz id35/Gzip Archive - 8.6 GB Published Sep 6, 2023 13 Downloads MD5: 9bb6b4bf63d921455a11f3422fc85b91 Reconstructed micro-XRCT data sets (top and bottom part) in 16 bit *.tif file format. 1250x1250x2305 voxels each with a uniform voxel size of 14.0 µm. (internal ID: 20220216_01)	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	id45_binarized.tar.gz id45/Gzip Archive - 13.3 MB Published Sep 6, 2023 12 Downloads MD5: 61db5ecdd97e62ab0956fa9f012c9f95 Binarized micro-XRCT data set in 8 bit *.tif file format. 625x625x1655 voxels with a uniform voxel size of 28.0 µm (2x2x2 binned).	Access File File Access Public Download Options Gzip Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX

Citation Metadata

Persistent Identifier	doi:10.18419/darus-3243
Publication Date	2023-09-06
Title	micro-XRCT datasets of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels manufactured by additive manufacturing
Author	Ruf, Matthias (University of Stuttgart, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE)) - ORCID: 0000-0003-0299-5921 Lee, Dongwon (University of Stuttgart, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE)) - ORCID: 0000-0002-5359-7803 Yiotis, Andreas (Technical University of Crete, School of Mineral Resources Engineering) - ORCID: 0000-0003-2818-561X Steeb, Holger (University of Stuttgart, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE) & SC SimTech) - ORCID: 0000-0001-7602-4920
Point of Contact	Use email button above to contact. Steeb, Holger (University of Stuttgart, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE) & SC SimTech) Yiotis, Andreas (Technical University of Crete)
Description	This dataset contains micro X-ray Computed Tomography (micro-XRCT) scan data sets (projection, reconstructed, and binarized images) of 3D porous media micromodels manufactured by additive manufacturing using the Material Jetting (MJ) method. The micromodel geometries were designed using the stochastic model proposed by Quiblie (1984), Adler et al. (1990), and Hyman et al. (2014). For this study, four samples were fabricated, all possessing the same porosity of 0.45, but with varying correlation lengths (id: 15, 25, 35, and 45) that define the pore size distribution. The four cylindrical samples have a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 16 mm. For more details, see the related publication Lee et al. (2023) The samples were completely scanned. Due to the limitation of the field of view at the required resolution, first the bottom part followed by the top part of the respective sample was scanned. Reconstruction was carried out separately for the top and bottom scans. Merging of the bottom and top parts was performed based on the reconstructed images. During the merging process, duplicated slices were naturally eliminated. The grayscale images obtained after the reconstruction and merging processes underwent segmentation, distinguishing between solid phase and pore space regions based on intensity values. Subsequently, the misclassified voxels resulting from the inherent noise in the micro-XRCT data were adjusted accordingly by assessing the connectivity between pixels (isolated pixels were reclassified to the neighboring class). Simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method to determine the permeability of the scanned mircomodels can be found in the related dataset Lee et al. (2023).
Subject	Computer and Information Science; Earth and Environmental Sciences; Engineering
Keyword	Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography (micro-XRCT) https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042540 (Wikidata) X-Ray Microtomography https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042540 (Wikidata) Porous Media https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271208 (Wikidata) Porous Medium https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271208 (Wikidata) Additive Manufacturing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360931 (Wikidata) 3D Printing https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367 (Wikidata) Material Jetting (MJ)
Related Publication	Lee, D., Ruf, M., Karadimitriou, N., Steeb, H., Manousidaki, M., Varouchakis, E.A., Tzortzakis, S., & Yiotis, A.(2023). Development of stochastically reconstructed 3D porous media micromodels using additive manufacturing: numerical and experimental validation. Scientific Reports, submitted.
Language	English
Producer	Porous Media Lab (University of Stuttgart) (PML) https://www.mib.uni-stuttgart.de/pml/
Production Date	2022
Production Location	University of Stuttgart, Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
Contributor	Data Collector : Ruf, Matthias Data Collector : Lee, Dongwon Rights Holder : Steeb, Holger
Funding Information	DFG: SFB 1313 ‐ 327154368 DFG: EXC 2075 - 390740016
Project	Investigation on designed porous media produced by material jetting method
Data Type	Image data
Related Dataset	Lee, D., Ruf, M., Steeb, H, & Yiotis, A. (2023). Numerical investigation results of 3D porous structures using stochastic reconstruction algorithm. https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3244
Other Reference	Ruf, M., & Steeb, H. (2020). An open, modular, and flexible micro X-ray computed tomography system for research. Review of Scientific Instruments, 91(11), 113102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0019541; Quiblier, J. A. (1984). A new three-dimensional modeling technique for studying porous media. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 98, 84-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(84)90481-8; Adler, P., Jacquin, C., & Quiblier, J. (1990). Flow in simulated porous media. Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 16, 691-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(90)90025-E; Hyman, J. D., & Winter, C. L (2014). Stochastic generation of explicit pore structures by thresholding gaussian random fields. J. Comput. Phys. 277, 16-31. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.jcp.2014.07.046

Process Metadata

Processing Methods	micro-XRCT scan of the centered sample (The micro-XRCT data sets were acquired using a cone beam micro-XRCT setup. First, the bottom part was scanned, followed by the top part of the respective sample.) ; Parameters: All method parameters with label "1". Segmentation/binarization (Segmentation of reconstructed grayscale image data sets into solid and pore space regions.)
Method Parameters	Geometric magnification "1" [-] : 3.53571 Source detector distance "1" [mm] : 1011.11100 Source object distance "1" [mm] : 285.97082 X-ray tube voltage "1" [kV] : 90 X-ray tube current "1" [µA] : 90 X-ray spectrum filter "1" : no Number of vertical detector pixel "1" [pixel] : 2304 Number of horizontal detector pixel "1" [pixel] : 2940 Detector pixel size "1" [mm] : 0.0495 Resulting voxel size "1" [mm] : 0.014 Detector exposure time "1" [ms] : 1500 Number of projection angles "1" : 1800 Number of projections per angle "1" : 1 Detector bad pixel map version "1" : "Version_ShadoBox6KHS_current_ob" Detector in-plane (YZ-plane) moving pattern in pixel "1" : [(0,-15),(0,15] Detector in-plane (YZ-plane) positions according to moving pattern "1" : 2 Number of dark images "1" (di) : 1 Number of open beam images "1" (ob) : 1 Position X-axis "1" [mm] : 472.38682 Position Y-axis "1" [mm] : 12.06731 Position Z-axis "1" [mm] : 19.20000; 0.00208 Position switch detector axis "1" [mm] : 450.00000 Position x-axis "1" [mm] : 0.42807; 0.38859; 0.41754; 0.10394 Position y-axis "1" [mm] : -0.38246; -0.61494; -0.28108; -0.31206 Position detector X-axis "1" [mm] : 205.00000 Position detector Y-axis "1" [counts] : 294600 Position detector Z-axis "1" [counts] : 314600
Software	Octopus Reconstruction Version: 8.9.4.9 (Vlassenbroeck, J., Dierick, M., Masschaele, B., Cnudde, V., Van Hoorebeke, L., & Jacobs, P. (2007). Software tools for quantification of X-ray microtomography at the UGCT. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 580(1), 442-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.073)
Instruments	micro-XRCT system (Ruf, M., & Steeb, H. (2020). An open, modular, and flexible micro X-ray computed tomography system for research. Review of Scientific Instruments, 91(11), 113102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0019541) , Version: Calibration: "ShadoBox6KHS_conventional_setup_v2021-08-27" X-ray source , Version: FineTec FORE 180.01C TT Detector , Version: PerkinElmer Dexela 1512 with GOS-based DRZ-Standard scintillator Stage X-Axis , Version: Custom-made: Spindle with 2 mm pitch and Vexta PK296-E4.5B stepper motor Stage Y-Axis , Version: Custom-made: Spindle with 2 mm pitch and Vexta PK296-E4.5B stepper motor Stage Z-axis , Version: Owis HVM-100-30-HSM-MS Stage x-axis , Version: Newport M423 stage with Nanotec ST2018L0804-A stepper motor Stage y-axis (Newport M423 stage with Nanotec ST2018L0804-A stepper motor) , Version: Newport M423 stage with Nanotec ST2018L0804-A stepper motor Stage rotZ-axis , Version: Standa 8MR190-2-28-MEn1 Stage switch detector , Version: ISEL 2111325086/213503 spindle (pitch 2.5 mm) with Vexta PK245M-01B stepper motor Stage detector X-axis , Version: Custom-made: Spindle with 5 mm pitch and Vexta PK245M-01B stepper motor Stage detector Y-axis , Version: Standa 8MTF-75XX-MEn1 Stage detector Z-axis , Version: Standa 8MTF-75XX-MEn1 Multi-axis controller (8 channel) , Version: Standa 8SMC4-ETHERNET Multi-axis controller (12 channel) , Version: Standa 8SMC5-ETHERNET Sample holder , Version: M-BK-1A with with 75 mm extension (50 mm distance + 25 mm special holder)
Processing Steps	1. Generation ; Methods: micro-XRCT scan of the centered sample ; Software: In-house XRCT scanner controlling software, Octopus Reconstruction ; Instruments: All ; Output: _projections.tar.gz, _reconstructed.tar.gz 2. Postprocessing ; Methods: Segmentation/binarization ; Input: _reconstructed.tar.gz ; Output: _binarized.tar.gz

Engineering Metadata

Data Generation	Experiment
System Phases	Solid phase Pore space
System or Phase Components	Micromodels (Four 3D printed (MJ method) cylindrical micromodels with 0.45 porosity, 16 mm diameter, and 50 mm length.)

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